CO2 fluxes refer to the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) between the Earth's surface, oceans, and atmosphere. This exchange is crucial for understanding the global carbon cycle and its impact on climate change. Research in this area focuses on measuring and modeling how CO2 is transferred between different reservoirs, such as the atmosphere and oceans, as well as the fluxes between natural ecosystems like forests and wetlands. Scientists use a variety of techniques, including direct measurements, remote sensing, and modeling, to quantify these fluxes and understand how they are influenced by factors such as land use change, deforestation, and climate change. Understanding CO2 fluxes is important for predicting future levels of atmospheric CO2 and how it will affect global temperatures, ocean acidification, and the health of ecosystems. This research area is critical for informing climate change mitigation strategies and developing policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.